Imagination & Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Imagination & Identity - Essay Example From the time that one is young, there is a perception and specific reality that is created in terms of identity. Imaginary worlds and friends are some of the main concepts that are applied to this and which create a specific sense of what it means to belong to a specific identity or group. â€Å"Most under – sevens have an invisible friend, and children create their imaginary playmates not out of trauma but out of a serene sense of the possibilities of fiction – sometimes as figures of pure fantasy, sometimes, as observations of grownup manners† (Gopnik, 253). The ability to create an identity and sense of reality through imagination and by mimicking the identity of others is one which can then be expected to stay with children while growing older. This reality and vision is one which is combined not only with ideas of fiction but also with expectations of what one is to become. â€Å"We were always about becoming, not being, about the prospects for the future, not about the inheritance of the past† (Lapham, 45). Both of these articles agree that there is the need to create something from the imagination and to keep depicting that specific reality. The fiction then becomes a sense of identity that one grows into, either by imagining something, mimicking adult behaviors or by believing what one should be. The concept of building a reality out of imagination then leads into the capacity of creating identity. The creation of identity moves beyond the labels in which one holds, such as being a New Yorker or a scientist. More important, are behaviors and mannerisms that are associated with the identity and labels which one believes they have. For instance, when defining New Yorkers, the identity becomes: â€Å"New Yorkers are busy for obvious reasons: they have husbands and wives and careers and children they have the Gauguin show to see and their personal trainers and

The Isolation of Hamlet and Oedipus Essay Example for Free

The Isolation of Hamlet and Oedipus Essay Drama gives its readers a chance to delve into the inner selves of the characters as they sort out their internal struggles and external obstacles.   Often times these characters struggles lead them into a world of isolation as they battle against some type of seemingly unconquerable external force. As Tennessee Williams aptly said â€Å". . . we are in the jungle with whatever we can work out for ourselves. It seems to be that the cards are stacked against us. . . .†Ã‚   This is true for both Hamlet of the play by Shakespeare with the same title and also for Oedipus from Oedipus Rex.   Hamlet finds himself facing the obligation of revenge from his recently murdered father, the former King.   While he does not particularly want the challenge of avenging this murder, he does take steps to accomplish it.   However, the steps he takes are what serve to create his further isolation.   Before the ghost appears, Hamlet has the friendship of Horatio, a loving mother and a promising relationship with Ophelia.   He has no real enemies except for possibly his uncle Claudius.   As he continues with his roundabout plan for revenge, he alienates nearly everyone. First, Hamlet struggles with this newfound obligation and his own personality.   He notes â€Å"the time is out of joint,:O cursed spite / that ever I was born to set it right† (I,v).   He does not want to be the one chosen for this task, lacking the confidence and even motivation to take this step. Next, Hamlet struggles against the very credibility of the ghost.   He notes to Horatio his doubts when he speaks of adding a scene much like the death of his father and uses the play to test the veracity of the ghost’s claim.    When he sees the reaction of Claudius he is sure, but has raised the suspicion of his uncle, the King, to greater heights, placing himself in danger.   Now the struggle becomes a physical one with the king.   Even more isolating is Hamlet’s murder of Polonius, Ophelia’s father.   While accidental, this death serves to send Ophelia into suicidal insanity and to create a rival in her brother Laertes, who is also now driven for revenge.   Now, Hamlet is struggling with himself, guilt, and the dangerous union of Claudius and Laertes, who both want him dead. During this journey, Hamlet becomes increasingly isolated.   First, he feigns insanity himself to allow himself the opportunity to be less conspicuous which creates a rift between himself and his family.   To keep his cover, he must act cruelly toward Ophelia, his love.   He tells her that she should not have believed him when he said that he loved her and to â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery!†(III,i).    Only Horatio remains true to Hamlet, perhaps as the only character that can see Hamlet’s decline clearly.   He attempts to warn Hamlet of the finality of the arranged duel: â€Å"you will not win this wager, my lord.†Ã‚   As predicted, Hamlet does not win.   He, Polonius, his mother, his uncle, Ophelia, and Laertes all die as a result of Hamlet’s inability to win his internal and external struggles. Oedipus also struggles agains the hands of fate.   He has been fated to kill his father and marry his mother.   While he is far away at this time, he seeks to avenge Laius murder and travel away.   His struggle agains his own arrogance is evident when he condemns the prophet Tieresias who warns him.   Tieresias responds with â€Å"You blame my temper,/ but do not see the one which lives within you† (line 403-404).   This temper reveals itself when he continues to goad Tieresias and discovers that â€Å"I [Tieresias] say that you yourself are the very man you’re looking for† (ln.434-435). He then gives the prophecy that will forever haunt Oedipus:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He will be blind, although he now can see. He will be a poor, although he now is rich. He will set off for a foreign country, groping the ground before him with a stick. And he will turn out to be the brother of the children in his house—their father, too, both at once, and the husband and the son of the very woman who gave birth to them. He sowed the same womb as his father and murdered him. Go in and think on this. If you discover I have spoken falsely, you can say I lack all skill in prophecy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (lines 550-562). Of course he is referring to Oedipus, but Oedipus’ arrogance will not allow him to see it at this time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Slowly fate comes to blows with Oedipus.   He learns that Laius was killed in a similar fashion as a way he once murdered a man.  Ã‚   In addition, he learns that who he believed to be his father died of natural causes and that he had been given as a baby to another man.   The knowledge isolates Oedipus from his people and from his wife, who kills herself as a result of the horrible news.   Finally, he isolates himself from the world and the truth when he blinds himself saying, You will no longer see all those atrocious things I suffered, the dreadful things I did! No. You have seen those you never should have looked upon, and those I wished to know you did not see. So now and for all future time be dark! (lines 1517-1521). He cannot accept the truth so he retreats into the wilderness alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Hamlet and Oedipus must accept what fate brings them.   Hamlet struggles against his duty and isolates himself from everyone he loves, eventually losing his own life.   Oedipus struggles against the truth, ultimately losing his position and family in the process.   Indeed, it seems as if these characters were left alone, to their own devices, and did not win the struggles.

A Clockwork Orange - Calculated Captivity :: essays research papers

Calculated Captivation "Goodness comes from within, 6655321. Goodness is something to be chosen. When a man cannot choose he ceases to be a man." In Anthony Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange, a sadistic adolescent of the not-so-distant future is ‘rehabilitated’ of his violent nature by a special conditioning treatment. This fifteen year-old hoodlum Alex McDowell is ‘cured’ of his savage activities but when released back into a still violent society, he is a misfit. Anthony Burgess’ skillful art of manipulation is able to change the reader’s opinion from hating Alex for his malicious ways, to feeling captivated by him, as he becomes a ‘victim of a modern age’. To understand how this deception is accomplished it is important to examine the major turning points in Alex’s life, and how Burgess presents them. To begin, Burgess displays Alex’s villainous disposition, which causes the reader to hate and resent him. Through the aid of the State’s treatment Alex is reformed, at which point Burgess allows the reader to determine and develop an opinion of whether this treatment is morally acceptable or not. In the end however it is obvious that Alex has become a true "Clockwork Orange’ and despite the previous opinion of the reader, Burgess reveals the outcome in a way that causes a sense of relief and is pleased to see Alex back to ‘normal’. It is fascinating to consider that Burgess may have written A Clockwork Orange as a prophetic view of warning to future societies. He was a peaceful person who didn’t want the stark consequences of the fictional Alex to become a grim reality. Through the first of three parts in the novel Burgess displays Alex as the embodiment of all that society would like to ignore or eliminate - but can’t. This first person narrative is told by Alex a youth of fifteen, who spends his nights with his "droogs", terrorizing the public with their bits of "ultra violence" and engaging in the old "in-out in-out". He beats the elderly, fights other gangs with his "britva", robs stores, breaks into houses, rapes young girls, drinks milk laced with drugs (moloko) and is eventually convicted of murder. Burgess portrays the immature Alex, as a mixture of good and evil possibilities with evil taking the upper hand. As the reader is taken deeper into Al ex’s morbidly exciting world, he/she begins to feel complete hatred towards Alex. Not only does Burgess permit Alex to commit such heinous crimes, he describes them in a very disturbing manner.

Out, Out

Questions from pg 495 1. How does Frost make the buzz-saw appear sinister? How does he make it seem, in another way, like a friend? a. The first line, â€Å"The buzz-saw snarled and rattled in the yard† and the seventh line â€Å"And the saw snarled and rattled, snarled and rattled† both emit a sense of darkness, as if having a â€Å"personality† of its own. b. When the sister came out and told the brother that supper was ready and the saw looked as if it â€Å"leaped† out of the boys hand, it seemed as if the saw was a friend of the boy that did not want to be abandoned, so it pulled away from the boy in anger, causing injury to the boy.The saw and the boy were in essence â€Å"friends† because of the time they spent together sawing firewood, and when faced with the boy leaving was upset. 2. What do you make of the people who surround the boy—the â€Å"they† of the poem. Who might they be? Do they seem to you concerned and compassiona te, cruel, indifferent, or what? a. The â€Å"they† of the poem appear to be his family, possibly his uncles, aunts, or cousins. They could be neighborhood friends of the boys. b.Whoever they were, they did not seem to be very concerned that the boy was injured, let alone dead. They seemed uncompassionate and unconcerned about what they had witnessed. 3. What does Frost’s reverence to Macbeth contribute to your understanding of â€Å" ‘Out, Out—’ †? How would you state the theme of Frost’s poem? a. It seems to me that Macbeth’s verse is about how short life is, that life is just a shadow, a player, in the game of life, that walks around on a stage, then one day is over.Frost uses part of the first line of Macbeth’s verse â€Å"Out, out† as his title as a way to agree with and reference Macbeth as one of his role models in poetry. b. I feel that Frost uses the theme â€Å"life and death† as the main concept o f â€Å"Out, out. † 4. Set this poem side by side with â€Å"Sir Patrick Spence. † How does â€Å" ‘Out, Out—’ † resemble that medieval folk ballad in the subject, or does it differ from it? How is Frost’s poem similar or different in its way of telling a story? a. To me, the common thread of the two poems is life and eath. Day to day, you live your life, never knowing when your last day on earth will be, and when it comes, it is sudden. b. I think they are both similar it its way of telling a story in the sense that you got pulled into the poem, hanging on its every word. Both poems begin with telling the readers what the characters were doing and continue in detail about what happens. Though short, Frost succeeded at his readers gaining an attachment to the day in the life of his character.

Socioeconomic Profile of Hypothetical Patient

Considering socio economic variable of a patient with diabetes, the priority of the patient should be to participate in healthcare insurance program provided by its employer. The benefit of contributing to such a health plan is cost reduction where patients only pay a deductible or a minimum co–payment. Acquiring such a policy also ensures that a person may also be able to cover family members at significantly less rates than individual private insurance.If the employer doesn’t participate in health insurance program, the only other viable method is to get a private health insurance. Although expansive, the patient will definitely have more choice in selecting the out of network providers and the flexibility of evaluating different plans that provide ample coverage to treat Diabetes. Patients with Diabetes need to keep medical supplies such as test strips, meters and insulin which are mostly covered by the health insurance providers (Health Insurance).Unfortunately, in countries like United States getting a health insurance for diabetic patients is difficult but this should not stop patients from researching other options such as Insurance through employers and getting help from the State. Most States run their own health insurance programs for which a diabetic patient might be eligible. Programs such as COBRA and HIPAA are available in every State. It will be in the best interest of a diabetic patient to consult the American Diabetes Association http://www. diabetes. org which outlines health insurance coverage on a State by State basis.Furthermore, patients can easily get guidelines and education on how to tackle diabetic issues and where to look for information. Payer Type Based on the socio economic conditions of hypothetical patient, it will be in his best interest to enrol in HMO plan. Analysing financial circumstances of the subject, it is evident that he will likely cover his wife and children, who at this stage are not able to enrol in a healthcare plan. In contrast, a PPO plan will likely cost a premium which is not recommended except if it provides assistance to cover diabetic conditions.It should be noticed that most Americans are covered by BlueCross BlueShield, Atena or CIGNA therefore it is important for diabetic patient to compare the coverage of diabetic supplies offered by these companies. Health plans that cover most strips and monitors should be preferred over others. Patients should also be careful while determining whether the diabetic equipment fall under normal prescription or covered under durable equipment supplies (Insurance Coverage). Other conditions such as mail order deliveries and the number of supplies at any one time play an important role in the eventual patient satisfaction with a plan.After evaluating different healthcare programs, Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare, Tufts Associated Health Maintenance Organisation and Health New England may provide the best coverage. Cost & Treatment Comparison Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare program is specifically tailored to meet the requirements of Massachusetts residents. It offers a network of 40,000 pharmacies and access to more than 130 hospitals in the area. The co payment fee is $10 for a visit and $50 for emergency care. The program covers a wide range of drugs and medicines with mail order included.Individuals can include family members for an extra charge. The program offers a diabetes management program with test reminder letters and individual support from a Nurse educator by calling a toll free number (Diabetes Management). For a single person in a family, the cost varies from $350 to $470 based on the socio-economic factors of hypothetical patient. The Tufts Associated Healthcare Maintenance Organisation provides a variety of different HMO plans that are designed to be cost effective.Its Select Network Provider program offers a minimum deductible and covers most outpatient medical care (Health New England). Doctor visits and ot her routine checkups offer affordable co-payment plans. It also offers a Taking Charge Diabetes program for its members that support the doctor-patient partnership to control diabetes and educate on such issues. Cost for individuals starts as low as $324 and climbs up to $450 for HMO select plans. Health New England is also a good choice with plenty of great options.Individuals can enrol in a number of Bronze or Silver health insurance packages which covers a huge number of Drugs and area hospitals (Tufts Health). The benefits are somewhat similar to other two programs whereas its Neighbourhood Health Plan provides a great value for money by charging as low as $265 per month in Bronze Package and $369 in Silver Package. It offers a comprehensive Diabetes Management Program that includes educational material, reminders, and physical as well as virtual grocery store tours to select the perfect sugar free diet. References Diabetes Management. Retrieved March 18, 2009, from Harvard Pilgrim HealthCare Web site: https://www.harvardpilgrim.org/portal/page?_pageid=213,213304&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL Health Insurance Information for People with Diabetes. Retrieved March 17, 2009, from American Diabetes Association Web site: http://www.diabetes.org/advocacy-and-legalresources/healthcare/insurance.jsp Health New England Plans. Retrieved March 18, 2009, from Health NE Web site: http://www.healthnewengland.com/PlanSelector/Compare/compare.html Insurance Coverage Overview. Retrieved March 17, 2009, from Diabetes Control for Life Web site: http://diabetescontrolforlife.com/articles/Monitoring-Insurance-Coverage-Overview-200085 Tufts Health Plan is the Right Choice. Retrieved March 18, 2009, from Tufts Health Plan Web site: http://www.tuftshealthplan.com/enrollnow/pdfs/STANDARDCOMP_0408.pdf   

Free Essays on Technology Is Important

quickly and can remember them later. Teachers can also use these programs in the classroom to help them with lesson plans, find teaching tools, and to find out what programs may be available on television that would help them teach. If Postman would have used any of theses sites... Free Essays on Technology Is Important Free Essays on Technology Is Important The idea that technology directs the lives of all Americans is what Neil Postman claims in his essay â€Å"Virtual Students, Digital Classrooms.† He says that technology uses us, so we need to learn how to use technology. However, because we depend on technology, it is essential to our daily lives. Therefore, technology is much more important than Postman gives it credit for being. Postman gives his readers the idea that if a child is not old enough to understand the real world and the parents put their child in front of the computer, they will get farther away from the real world. This could only happen if people let their children sit in front of the computer day and night during all of their spare time. Otherwise, children can use computers to benefit themselves. The internet is part of technology that is still new and growing quickly. Web sites are being made that can help children with their homework and studying. For example, for math the website has a link where if a child gets confused doing their homework and there is no one around to help, they can ask Dr. Math a question. This site is not only for young children, they also have a link for college mathematics. Other subjects that students can receive help in are science, English, foreign languages, and social studies. Puzzles and games are available to make learning these subjects fun and int eresting. For parents who work more than one job and do not have much time to spend at home helping their children with their homework, these sights are a blessing. My younger brother uses these sights to study for things like vocabulary tests. Since it is interesting and fun, he learns the words quickly and can remember them later. Teachers can also use these programs in the classroom to help them with lesson plans, find teaching tools, and to find out what programs may be available on television that would help them teach. If Postman would have used any of theses sites...

Microsoft Office Essays - Presentation Software, Free Essays

Microsoft Office Essays - Presentation Software, Free Essays There are many ways Microsoft Office, which include-Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel, can help me in my future career. Not knowing how to use widely-used products could greatly hinder my chances at success. These tools can make many different tasks and projects simple and easy. Think back of how hard it was just two decades ago to do presentations like we do today using PowerPoint. PowerPoint presentations have made it so we can make our point of view appealing to a wide range of people with minimal effort. Excel has made doing all sorts of organizing tasks so much easier, and the wide range of tasks it supports is indeed numerous. Microsoft word has made writing documents and letters in business format so much easier. And more accessible from a click of a button. Microsoft Office is the most widely-used productivity suite in the world and thats not for nothing. It tends to work. Of the millions that own the software however, a scarce few are probably fully aware of what power lay beneath their fingertips. (Boundless, 2014). Try thinking back to two decades ago, if anyone had an idea for a new product or a new way to do business and wanted to present this what would they have done? In order to do a presentation on this, the task would have been an overwhelming one. With only some writing material- pens, pencils, paper, and a typewriter- one would have been required to make a presentation on the various subjects. One of the only means that is like PowerPoint would have been a screen projector, which is rather makeshift compared to the PowerPoint we have today. With PowerPoint I can add facts, pictures, graphics, and sounds that make the presentation look very professional and fun. Microsoft Excel is a program that is found within the Microsoft Office Suite of computer programs that are meant to make life easier for both individuals as well as businesses of all sizes. Excel has a wide range of useful functions like spread sheets for almost everything that requires organization! Making different charts, graphs, budgets, and much more (Ruparel, 2014). Excel allows me to unlock the potential of my data, by using formulas across a grid of cells. I can use pie charts, graphs and clustered columns to add meaning to data, which otherwise may just exist as row after row of numbers. References Ruparel, A. (2014, August 07). 5 Key Uses of Microsoft Excel in the Workplace. Retrieved from learn.filtered.com: http://learn.filtered.com/blog/5-key-uses-of-excel-in-the-work-place Source: Boundless. The Advantages and Disadvantages of PowerPoint. Boundless Communications. Boundless, 14 Nov. 2014. Retrieved 01 Apr. 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/communications/textbooks/boundless-communications-textbook/preparing-and-using-visual-aids-16/using-powerpoint-and-alternatives-successfully-85/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-powerpoint-323-5654/

Dont Blame the Americans for this One!

Dont Blame the Americans for this One! Dont Blame the Americans for this One! Dont Blame the Americans for this One! By Maeve Maddox Ever since the 17th century, our English cousins have been blaming Americans for distorting, weakening, or vulgarizing the English language. For many, the term Americanism next to a word in the dictionary is a warning to avoid using it. Well, a recent press release from the Old Country puts paid to the idea that the English language is more respected in its land of origin than it is in the New World. Heres the headline in the Telegraph: Councils ban elitist and discriminatory Latin phrases In a story that sounds more like an April Fools Day joke than a bona fide news story, we are informed that several English City Councils have forbidden their employees to use specific Latin words and phrases. What are some of these dreadful, incomprehensible, elitist horrors? Here are some examples: bona fide, e.g., ad lib, etc., i.e., per se, quid pro quo, vice versa, via, status quo If any of these elitist expressions are unfamiliar to you, do something outrageous: look them up in an English dictionary. (You may also wish to browse Daniels compendium of Latin expressions.) What is the reasoning behind this official purge of common Latin expressions in English? According to the Bournemouth Council, Not everyone knows Latin. Many readers do not have English as their first language so using Latin can be particularly difficult. I agree that not everyone knows Latin. Sadly, its no longer part of the general curriculum. But words and expressions of Latin origin are part of the English language. Some of these Latin borrowings have been more digested than others, but surely status quo is as English as spaghetti. George Orwell warned us this would happen. In his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the English of the future is called Newspeak. It is the only language in the world whose vocabulary gets smaller every year One of the characters admires the way every new edition of the dictionary is smaller than the one before it: Its a beautiful thing, the destruction of words. Read the Telegraph article here. Discover the principles of Newspeak here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About HandsPeople versus Persons50+ Words That Describe Animals (Including Humans)

The Life and Works of Werner Heisenberg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Life and Works of Werner Heisenberg - Essay Example But his work focused on the uncertainty principle in quantum theory that had become the basis for his own philosophy. In 1932, Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his â€Å"creation of the quantum physics.†2 Heisenberg also made significant contributions to many other subjects in Physics such as hydrodynamics of the turbulent flows, ferromagnetism, cosmic rays, and subatomic particles. In 1925, he described the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics together with Max Born and Pascual Jordan.3 Subsequent to World War II, Heisenberg was selected as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics – now called the Max Planck Institute for Physics. He is also extensively famous as the key person to spearhead the nuclear fission research in Germany during the World War II. At the conclusion of the war, Heisenberg concentrated on elementary particle physics. Early Life and Education Werner Karl Heisenberg was born on the 5th of December 1901 in Wurzburg, Germany. He was the son of Dr. August Heisenberg, a high school teacher of classical languages, and Anna Wecklein Heisenberg.4 He had a brother named Erwin who was a chemist. Werner showed early interest in mathematics and physics and in 1920, he enrolled at the Ludwig-Maximilian-Universitat Munchen under the supervision of Arnold Sommerfeld and Wilhelm Wien; however, during the winter of 1922-1923, Wilhelm went on to study at University of Munich in which he studied physics with Max Born and James Franck, and studied mathematics with David Hilbert. In 1923, he finally received his doctorate degree at the University of Munich under the guidance of Arnold Sommerfeld.5 At school, Heisenberg showed an extraordinary level of self-confidence and willingness to excel, as commented by one school teacher who had seen his potential.6 Another school teacher observed that Heisenberg is â€Å"more developed toward the side of rationality than a fantasy and imagination†7 – a quali ty that is common among scientists. But these qualities seemed to have been suppressed initially by Heisenberg as he tended to be â€Å"shy and sensitive at first.†8 However, as the school year progressed, he turned out to become more self-confident than ever. Heisenberg’s father would always set up a competition between him and his brother, which continued as they grew older. Obviously, it is one reason why Werner tops his class, particularly in mathematics and physics.9 Sommerfeld noticed Heisenberg’s interests in Niels Bohr’s theories in atomic physics so he took the initiative to bring Heisenberg to the Bohr’s Festival in 1922. For the first time, Heisenberg was able to see and hear Niels Bohr in person as Bohr gave a series of lectures about atomic physics. That encounter flared up Heisenberg’s interest in discovering more about the mysteries of physics.10 Early Career Between the years 1924 and 1925, Werner had the chance to work with probably one of his greatest influences, Niels Bohr, at the University of Copenhagen under a Rockefeller grant. In 1925, Werner went back to Gottingen. In 1926, Werner was designated to his first teaching position as a theoretical physics lecturer at the University of Copenhagen under the direction of Niels Bohr.11 In the following year, Werner received another teaching position as Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Leipzig when he was only 26 years old.12 His latest tenure as a Professor of Theoretical Physics would allow him to set off a lecture tour to the United

Marketing Management Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing Management Master - Case Study Example Defre Robes is also intending to extend it product line and probably add new lines as well. Additionally, the firm plans to venture in online opportunities by creating ecommerce tool. The market has been very receptive of the products offered. High quality products, designer and party robes for pets coming in trendy colours, with logos and slogans that portray outdoor enthusiasm (Hiebing & Cooper 2003). Defre Robes was established this year by Defredor Ashira, who is a young and ambitious entrepreneur. Ashira has a degree in fashion and Design from as reputable university; he has also worked in a designer firm for two years where at a time which he did his post graduate diploma in marketing. This company is a reflection of Ashira's Love for outdoor activities and especially those that involves pets and show-offs (Westwood 2006). The company's original cotton robes for pets to play in are superb and convenient in games, hiking, and other games (Kotler 2003) Defre robes are currently stored in several retail stores across the United Kingdom; they include areas like Camden, Warwick, Hampstead, and London. The company also intends to increase to other place like Whitley bay and Hungerford before the end of this year. The products have unique slogans, well coordinated colours and of greater quality. The firm is also dedicated to conserving the environment through the support of environmental programs. This marketing plan will outline Defre's plan to introduce newer products, increase distribution and venture into new markets and give back to the society as well (Hiebing & Cooper 2003). Business Overview Defer robes target individual who appreciate their pets and also like outdoor activities. Sportswear retailers will also form the second majority clients. This is in view of the fact that people are increasingly devoting some time to take care of their pets and going with them out for outdoor activities like hiking, normal walks, touring recreation sites their pets. It's been found that well dressed pets are attractive to carry around or even take them for a walk (Okwiya 2009). The company intends to blend these attires by opening a sports centre for the pets' outdoor activities and games. The pricing of the prices is relatively fair with a simple robe for a pet (smaller size) going for $40 dollars and the most expensive one is barely $ 80. The firm is still very young and most of the dales are done directly while the rest are stored in retailer stores and few distributors. The firm also realizes that technology is increasing and that online services will be more convenient. And as such, the firm also intends to open online services in future and eventually start recreation activates for pets. The firm has another compound near Warwick where it can set up a place the people can go to relax and have good time with their pets (Gibbon 2002) There are few competitors who manufacture pets cloths in London an major teems in UK but this will be overcome by Defre's strategy which includes direct selling to the clients and organizing events like fashion shows, exhibitions and plays for pets (Okwiya 2009). Mission and Goals The corporate mission for Defre Robes is to be the leading producer and supplier of personalized robes for pets to their customers and especially

Ethical hacking Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical hacking - Coursework Example This note will self-destruct after you have read it. Or you could delete the note yourself ? Coursework Please complete this first section Your name Your Name Preferred email address Your working email address Lab Day Your Lab Day Lab Time Your Lab Time Please leave the remaining entries blank on this page, especially the red and yellow ones. They are the marking scheme for the coursework and as such must not be changed. The following marks cover most exercises. The marks will be averaged across your work, so that if you have some good and some bad labs they will balance out to an 'average' mark. Mark Specific Comments on individual lab exercises Description of Exercises [8 – 10] Excellent [5 – 7] Good but incomplete [3 – 4] Lack of clarity or content [1 – 2] Very Poor [0] No description /10 Method/Structure [41 - 50] Ideal content/structure [31 - 40] Very good content/structure [21 – 30] Good content/lacking some clarity or structure [11 – 2 0] Adequate/lacking content [0 – 10] Misleading/incorrect methods or structure /50 Activity and Results [19 - 20] Excellent [16 - 18] Covered well [10 - 15] Good, missing some elements [0 – 9] Very poor or missing most elements /20 Reflection [16 – 20] Excellent including related thoughts/ideas [11 – 15] Good, many areas covered [5 – 10] Relates only to lab outcomes with lack of personal insight [1 -4] Lack of depth of reflection / limited content [0] No reflection /20 Total /100 Lab Description Lab 2 - Essential TCP/IP tools Description of exercise Date lab undertaken: 15th October 2008 Operating System: Windows XP (state service pack) Exercise Description: [Describe the lab activity here. You should consider adding more than just my brief description.] Upon completion of this lab students will be familiar with a number of useful TCP/IP related tools and how to use said tools for diagnosing TCP/IP related problems. Method In this Lab we were intro duced to the tools used to identify where problems may be occurring on the network. The lab consisted of several activities that included the use of the following utilities: CMD to enable a command line window, IPCONFIG to check and change the status of network adapters, and finally PING to identify if the machine was able to verify connections between hosts. Lab setup The PCs in ASG21 were connected to the Internet and there was no specific configuration required. Activity Finding out what you IP settings are Tasks Detail of activity 1 Use cmd to open a command line window 2 Use ipconfig /all to identify the network adapter settings 3 Record the settings returned from ipconfig /all Activity Results Tasks Result. Give reason if result is FAIL. 1 PASS Successfully open a command line window using cmd 2 PASS Successfully used ipconfig /all to show the network adapter settings. 3 Details can be seen in the screenshot below Activity Setting the IP Address on your computer Tasks Detail o f activity 1 - 7 Use windows control panel to investigate and change the IP address from being dynamic to static. 1. Open control panel. 2. Select network connections 3. Select required connection. 4. Select the properties. 5. Select TCP/IP settings 6. Assign a manual IP address and apply it. 7. Once the address has been assigned, run IPCONFIG /ALL in a command line window to check that it has been changed.

Any citizen who does not have a criminal record should be permitted to Essay - 1

Any citizen who does not have a criminal record should be permitted to carry a concealed weapon - Essay Example This can occur in the case an official is committing a crime against a citizen. Additionally, there are activists who strongly oppose the whole idea of citizens possessing weapons. The concern however is, should the citizen helplessly watch the officials use their power to mistreat citizens instead of working for them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While the restrictions against ownership of weapons are still strict, the level of crime is still high. Most of the violent attacks are executed using weapons meaning that the criminals, who are still citizens, possess the weapons though illegally (Cothran 40). The government has not been in a position to completely provide security to the citizen; this is because of the long distance between the security quarter and the scene of the attacks. The security officials find it difficult to respond to a citizen’s security concern in time. As long as the security official takes much time, the criminals tend to have enough time to hurt the victim. The dilemma remains, should the government formulate and enforce more restrictions or should the restrictions be relaxed. The activists against the possession of weapons by citizens still hold strong to their belief (Lovelace 56). They argue that if a person is legalized to shoot in the event of an attack, this reduces the power of the law. The State government is left with no law to enforce. However, in this proposal, a clear explanation is given as to why a person should be allowed to own a weapon so long as he meets the qualifications given. While there is a need to legalize the ownership of the weapon by the citizens, some of the cases presented in court in past, have proved some of the people in possession of weapons use them in committing criminal offences. For instance, a citizen may use the weapon to revenge (Lovelace 39). A law to legalize carrying of weapons by citizens is a

Major U.S. Historical Events 1980-Present Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Major U.S. Historical Events 1980-Present - Essay Example When Ronald Reagan was inaugurated president in 1980, his term was ushered in with a wave of new conservatism. Reagan, a military hard-liner and staunch anti-communist, was able to confront the USSR and end the Cold War without precipitating a nuclear disaster. His administration enacted several initiatives that would form the basis of a multi-faceted attack on the USSR. This was accomplished by increased military spending, support of democracy in the Soviet's satellite countries, and crippling the economy of the Soviet Union. These initiatives in unison eroded the communist system and by the end of his term, the Soviets had capitulated. The increase in military expenditures was responsible for the implementation of National Security Defense Directive (NSDD) 32, signed by Reagan in 1982. Its purpose was to financially and covertly support anti-Soviet groups in Eastern Europe (Edward's). As anti-Soviet sentiment rose in Eastern Europe, Reagan enacted NSDD 66, which called for a clandestine economic war on the Soviet Union. It called for limiting the USSR's access to technology as well as curtailing their ability to produce natural gas (Edwards). Embargoing the Soviet economy was coupled with increased pressure exerted by American military goals to bring the Soviet system to a gradual halt during Reagan's administration. The dismantling of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the most celebrated symbol of the victory, ended 40 years of American effort and opened up new opportunities for peace around the world as well as new challenges for America's foreign policy. The ending of the Cold War served to increase the public's belief in America's system of democracy and allowed diplomatic and military resources to be turned towards other endeavors. When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, the memory of the failure to secure a victory in Southeast Asia decades earlier still fomented fears of another Vietnam. Iraq, debt-ridden and weary from years of war with Iran, made a desperate and miscalculated move to invade Kuwait. President George Bush Sr. was able to capitalize on Huessein's miscalculations and through diplomacy and political savvy was able to form a united coalition of nations to stand against Iraqi aggression. Saudi Arabia, a vital American interest, and 14 members of the Arab League joined to condemn Iraq's aggression (Persian Gulf War). Within days, international cooperation led by Bush, resulted in a global embargo against the Iragi regime. Bush, able to unite America under a new wave of national pride, assembled a military team to plan a strategic operation while diplomacy and UN Sanctions worked behind the scenes in an effort to oust the Iraqis from Kuwait. As diplomacy failed and UN deadlines expired, the first air attacks on Iraq began on January 17, 1991 (Atkinson). After more than a month of air strikes, a 4 day ground war decisively expelled Iraq from Kuwait and decimated their military. This rapid victory, with few casualties, placed America as an international military power once again. The coalition victory brought with it new hope for the future of global cooperation to suppress dictators and promote human rights. American pride had been restored and resulted in a new

Paternal Influences on Ethical Decision Making of Senior Leaders in Assignment

Paternal Influences on Ethical Decision Making of Senior Leaders in the Health Care Industry - Assignment Example m, International Olympic Committee, Enron, Tyco, Qwest Communications International, Duke Energy, Bristol-Myers Squibb, etc, as well as the sex scandal in the Catholic church, have resulted in a loss of confidence in the management and leadership of these large corporations and institutions. As a consequence, investors have become unnerved and the jolts have shaken international markets. No wonder that a CBS poll taken in the fall of 2002 finds that 79% of respondents believe questionable business practices are widespread and only fewer than one third thinks that CEOs are honest (Wallington, 2003). These companies have all come to the time light for the wrong reasons. As a result, the role of the CEO in ethical dilemmas has come under increased scrutiny. While ethical lapses occur at all the levels of organizations, senior executives who fail to set high ethical standards and live by them are senior leaders in organizations assume the responsibility to display high ethical and moral values in their conduct both within the organization and outside. However, many instances have come to where they discard this significant aspect subjected to scrutiny and held accountable for the consequences of unethical practices, damaging the interests of employees, shareholders and the society at large. CEOs and other senior leaders such as members of Boards of Directors are expected to provide role models and help develop and entrench the ethical belief system for all members of the organization. However, when these leaders fail in their commitment to stand up to the ethical responsibilities, the negative impact of their ethical transgressions will remain long after the leader has been punished. Instances of unethical conduct by senior leaders, which entail serious repercussions, have prompted the need to identify background factors, socialization practices, or early childhood experiences that may account for such behavior in adulthood. Thus, an interest has developed in

Major U.S. Historical Events 1980-Present Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Major U.S. Historical Events 1980-Present - Essay Example When Ronald Reagan was inaugurated president in 1980, his term was ushered in with a wave of new conservatism. Reagan, a military hard-liner and staunch anti-communist, was able to confront the USSR and end the Cold War without precipitating a nuclear disaster. His administration enacted several initiatives that would form the basis of a multi-faceted attack on the USSR. This was accomplished by increased military spending, support of democracy in the Soviet's satellite countries, and crippling the economy of the Soviet Union. These initiatives in unison eroded the communist system and by the end of his term, the Soviets had capitulated. The increase in military expenditures was responsible for the implementation of National Security Defense Directive (NSDD) 32, signed by Reagan in 1982. Its purpose was to financially and covertly support anti-Soviet groups in Eastern Europe (Edward's). As anti-Soviet sentiment rose in Eastern Europe, Reagan enacted NSDD 66, which called for a clandestine economic war on the Soviet Union. It called for limiting the USSR's access to technology as well as curtailing their ability to produce natural gas (Edwards). Embargoing the Soviet economy was coupled with increased pressure exerted by American military goals to bring the Soviet system to a gradual halt during Reagan's administration. The dismantling of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the most celebrated symbol of the victory, ended 40 years of American effort and opened up new opportunities for peace around the world as well as new challenges for America's foreign policy. The ending of the Cold War served to increase the public's belief in America's system of democracy and allowed diplomatic and military resources to be turned towards other endeavors. When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, the memory of the failure to secure a victory in Southeast Asia decades earlier still fomented fears of another Vietnam. Iraq, debt-ridden and weary from years of war with Iran, made a desperate and miscalculated move to invade Kuwait. President George Bush Sr. was able to capitalize on Huessein's miscalculations and through diplomacy and political savvy was able to form a united coalition of nations to stand against Iraqi aggression. Saudi Arabia, a vital American interest, and 14 members of the Arab League joined to condemn Iraq's aggression (Persian Gulf War). Within days, international cooperation led by Bush, resulted in a global embargo against the Iragi regime. Bush, able to unite America under a new wave of national pride, assembled a military team to plan a strategic operation while diplomacy and UN Sanctions worked behind the scenes in an effort to oust the Iraqis from Kuwait. As diplomacy failed and UN deadlines expired, the first air attacks on Iraq began on January 17, 1991 (Atkinson). After more than a month of air strikes, a 4 day ground war decisively expelled Iraq from Kuwait and decimated their military. This rapid victory, with few casualties, placed America as an international military power once again. The coalition victory brought with it new hope for the future of global cooperation to suppress dictators and promote human rights. American pride had been restored and resulted in a new

Koyo Jean Internationalization Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Koyo Jean Internationalization Strategy - Essay Example The acronym PESTEL bears its origin from the combination of the first letters of these factors. Discussed under, are the various roles played by each one of these factors in the marketing of premium jeans in both South Korea and Brazil. To begin with the PESTEL Analysis of South Korea, the country enjoys political stability, though in the year 1997, there was a financial crisis in the same country, something which affected the country’s economic status. However, some strategies were laid down and in 1998, one year thereafter, the country’s economic status stabilized again. A few years later, the country’s technology also grew making it one the world’s largest technological markets. Socially, the country is characterized by an aging population due to both low fertility and population growth. Despite the low population, the country has a highly competent labour force that facilitates the production and commercialization of advanced technologies which in turn lead to the flourishing of the marketing of the Koyo Jeans designed by William Cheung. The complex and lengthy legal procedures discourage investors. When it comes to the environment of the country, there is unreasonable breach of emission standards. PESTEL Analysis of Brazil shows some similarities though, at the same time brings a few out some differences. Economically, the prices of premium jeans are high due to taxes. Socially, Brazil has a high population than South Korea, hence presenting a strong work force. The country is also technologically advanced hence able to compete favourably with other errant countries including South Korea (Keller & Price, 2011). Porter’s Diamond, named after Michael Porter is an analysis tool for assessing the ability of a country to compete internationally with respect to: factor endowments, firm strategy, structure and rivalry, related and supporting industries, Demand conditions. As discussed earlier, the populations of the two countrie s are contrasting in that South Korea’s Population is small while Brazil’s is large. The large population of Brazil plays a role in labour provision hence making it compete favourably. On the other hand, South Korea despite having a small population, the population is informed in matters relating to technology. This helps the countries to compete favourably. There is need for both countries to come up with long-term objectives so as to help them cope up with completion not just from each other but even from other like-minded countries; those dealing in the designing and marketing of premium jeans worldwide. One of the major strategies is the evident economic and political stability in both countries. The existence of other clothe industries in these countries also plays a significant role. The benefits accruing from the investment in both basic and advanced factors by related firms can spill over. This is characterized by the existence of other industries designing oth er kinds of clothes, which can be worn together with these premium jeans. The worldwide high demand for premium jeans, starting from the citizens of the designing countries (South Korea and Brazil) stimulates the production since this ensures availability of the market. Mode of entry Market mode of entry is a detailed plan designed by a company that shows how it endeavors to enter into a new market (Root, 1994). It is normally a complex decision to make because of its associated risks creating fear for most companies. Koyo jean's entry to South Korea and Brazil should opt to employ exporting, licensing, franchising or joint ventures. Joint ventures normally start

Stock Price Essay Example for Free

Stock Price Essay 1. If you bought a share of stock, what would you expect to receive, when would you expect to receive it, and would you be certain that your expectations would be met? 2. If most investors expect the same cash flows from Companies A and B but are more confident that Company A’s cash flow will be close to their expected value, which should have the higher stock price? Explain. 3. When is a stock said to be in equilibrium? At any given time, would you guess that most stocks are in equilibrium as you defined it? Explain. 4. Suppose three completely honest individuals gave you their estimates of Stock X’s intrinsic value. One is your current girlfriend or boyfriend, the second is a professional security analyst with an excellent reputation on Wall Street, and the third is Company X’s CFO. If the three estimates differ, which one would you have the most confidence in? Why? 5. What are some actions stockholders can take to ensure that management’s and stockholders’ interest can be aligned? 6. The president of Southern Semiconductor Corporation (SSC) made this statement in the company’s annual report: â€Å"SSC’s primary goal is to increase the value of our common stockholders’ equity.† Later in the report, the following announcements were made: (a) The company is spending $500 million to open a new plant and expand operations in China. No profits will be produced by the Chinese operation for 4 years, so earnings will be depressed during this period versus what they would have been had the decision not been made to expand in the market. (b) The company holds about half of its assets in the form of U.S. Treasury bonds, and it keeps these funds available for use in emergencies. In the future, though, SSC plans to shift its emergency funds from Treasury bonds to common stocks. Discuss how SSC’s stockholders might view each of these actions, and how they might affect the stock price. 7. Edmund Enterprises recently made a large investment to upgrade its technology. While these improvements won’t have much of an effect on performance in the short run, they are expected to reduce future costs significantly. What effect will this investment have on Edmund Enterprises’ earnings per share this year? What effect might this investment have on the company’s stock price? 8. What agency relationships exist within a corporation?  9. What mechanisms exist to influence managers to act in shareholders’ best interests? 10. Should shareholders (through managers) take actions that are detrimental to bondholders? 11. What factors affect stock prices?

Author Intention through Character Reaction in Paradise Lost and the Bl

How would you react if you realized you had altered the future of an entire people? Would you be sympathetic or apologetic? Would you be regretful or sincere? I believe that the reaction of a person in such a situation gives insight into their quality of character and shows us the real extent of their influence over their surroundings and beyond. John Milton’s Adam in Paradise Lost altered the future for mankind just as Margaret Cavendish’s Empress of the Blazing World altered the future for the inhabitants of the Blazing World. Both characters realized the consequences of their actions and desired to change it back to the original state. Both were regretful for their deeds. However, the manner in which each of the characters showed regret gives us insight into the respective author’s intention for the work. By analyzing the difference between the lamentations of Adam and the Empress, we can see strikingly opposing approaches to the same desire – to correct the wrong. Adam falls into a sincere state of despair while the Empress is much more apathetic about the situation. From this observation, we can make claims about Milton and Cavendish and his or her reasoning for fashioning the characters in the way they are portrayed. From the outset of the plot, the storylines of both texts seem to parallel along a very similar outline. The opening of each story is a description of a paradise, free from the corruption of conflict, deception, or sin and more importantly, free from the issue of a foreign influence. Perhaps the most influential factor that allows these paradises to continue in their original state is the innocence they possess from just not knowing any other way, the lack of alien influence. This lack of knowledge was G... ...g entirely fictitious, fabricated, and immaterial. This alteration impacted the reactions of Adam and the Empress. Adam’s real existence required a natural, real reaction just as the Empress’ artificial existence conjured a false, inhuman reaction. The apathetic tone of the Empress mirrored the apathetic tone of Cavendish in stating her intended purpose for the work. The serious tone of Adam mirrored the seriousness of Milton’s intended purpose. Both Adam and the Empress had decidedly altered the future conditions of an entire people to the point that they desired restoration of the original status. However, the Empress’ apathetic tone and Adam’s serious tone shows, respectively, both the extent of influence of the affected people, the reality factor of that people, and most significant, the importance of those people upon the current state of the contemporary world.

Role of US Military Action in President Bushs War Essay -- September

Role of US Military Action in President Bush's War      Ã‚  Ã‚   An observant 12 year old told the New York Times Magazine not long ago that, "War is not like one attack; it's a big deal." On September 11, 2001, America was the target of an attack that left over five thousand people dead and many more wounded. President Bush has since declared a war on terrorism, but unlike conventional wars, this one has no discrete enemy and must be fought on a number of different "fronts." Fighting a war on terrorism cannot be fought in the traditional sense, by the very definition of terrorism. Various fronts are necessary in America's fight against terrorism, taking the form of economic, political, and military actions. Worldwide cooperation against terrorism has proven to be unreliable, and it will be shown here, that America's insistence on military action, in light of faltering international cooperation, makes the use of force the most important front in President Bush's war on terrorism.    (2) President George W. Bush has said that the "war" against global terrorism is a matter of "good and evil." Evil is presumably to be characterized by "those who conduct terrorist acts against the United States, those who sponsor them, those who harbor them, and those who challenge freedom wherever it may exist." Terrorism however, is not war. War is a confrontation on clear lines between identified parties, where there is sustained and concerted military action by military personnel who use the material, weaponry and military tactics of war. According to President Bush's executive order, number 13224, the term terrorism is defined as:    (3) An activity that involves a violent act or an act dangerous to human life, property, or infrastru... ...k Times Magazines." New York Times 23 Sept. 2001: 77. 2. US Embassy Website. http://www.usembassy.bg/asset.html 3. Yahoo News. http://us.news2.yimg.com/f/42/31/7m/dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/20010912/wl/attack_usa_pakistan_dc_4.html 4. Israeli Government Site. http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH0k4q0 5. Terrorism. Executive Order 13224 Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Persons who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or support Terrorism 23. Sept. 2001: 2. 6. Terrorism Website. http://www.terrorism.com/terrorism/sloan.shtml 7. White House Website. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html 8. Lexis Nexis. "Zambia; Abdullah Justifies India's Support of US Action against Afghanistan." Africa News Service, Inc. October 25, 2001. 9. Yahoo News (2). http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/ap/20011029/wl/attacks_saudi_1.html

Pmp Application Sample

PMP Application Work Experience Please enter the number of hours spent on each of these tasks for each project. Please enter a value between 0 and 9999. Hours must be entered in quarter hour increments. 1 Initiating Process Conduct project selection methods to evaluate the feasibility of new products or services Identify key stakeholders and perform analysis to gain buy-in and requirements for the success of the project. Define the scope of the project based on the organization need to meet the customer project expectations. 0. 00 Develop the project charter and review it with key stakeholders to confirm project scope, risks, issues, assumptions and constraints as well as obtain project charter approval from the project sponsor. Identify and document high level risks, assumptions and constraints using historical data and expert judgment. 128. 00 2 Planning Process Identify key project team members and define roles and responsibilities to create a project organization structure to dev elop a communication plan.Create the work breakdown structure with the team to develop the cost, schedule, resource, quality and procurement plans. Identify project risks to define risk strategies and develop the risk management plan. Obtain project plan approval from the customer and conduct a kick off meeting with all key stakeholders. Define and record detail project requirements, constraints and assumptions with the stakeholders to establish the project deliverables. Develop the change management plan to define how changes will be handled to manage the triple constraints. 36. 00 3 Executing Process Manage proactively the resource allocation by ensuring that appropriate resources and tools are assigned to the tasks according to the project plan. Execute the tasks defined in the project plan in order to achieve the project goals. Ensure a common understanding and set expectations through communication to align the stakeholders and team members. Hours 8. 00 Hours Hours Required 450 0 Hours Hours Hours Hours 8. 00 40. 00 40. 00 40. 00 40. 00 40. 00 0. 00 128. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 8. 00 8. 00 40. 00 40. 00 8. 0 40. 00 40. 00 8. 00 40. 00 40. 00 0. 00 136. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 40. 00 20. 00 40. 00 20. 00 8. 00 8. 00 Improve team performance by building team cohesiveness, leading, mentoring, training, and motivating in order to facilitate cooperation, ensure project efficiency and boost morale. Implement a quality management plan to ensure that work is being performed according to required quality standards. Implement approved changes according to the Change Management Plan. Obtain project resources in accordance with a procurement plan.Implement the approved actions and workarounds required to minimize the impact of project risks. 92. 00 4 Monitoring and Controlling Measure project performance using appropriate tools and techniques. Verify and manage changes to the project scope, project schedule and project costs as defined in the change management plan. Monitor the status of all identified risks, identify any new risks, take corrective actions and update the risk response plan. Ensure the project deliverables conform to quality standards established in the project quality plan. 0. 00 5 Closing Process Formalize and obtain final acceptance for the project. Identify, document and communicate lessons learned. Archive and retain project records, historical information and documents (e. g. , project schedule, project plan, lessons learned, surveys, risk and issues logs, etc. ) in order to retain organizational knowledge, comply with statutory requirements, and ensure availability of data for potential use in future projects and internal/external audits. Obtain financial, legal and administrative project closure (e. . , final payments, warranties, contract signoff). 8. 00 8. 00 16. 00 16. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 92. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 8. 00 8. 00 8. 00 8. 00 8. 00 16. 00 40. 00 16. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0 . 00 8. 00 16. 00 16. 00 0. 00 0. 00 8. 00 Release all project resources and provide performance feedback. Create and distribute final project report. Measure customer satisfaction at the end of the project. 64. 00 64. 00 64. 00 856. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 8. 00 0. 00 40. 00 40. 00 0. 00 856. 00

Grade school book report Essay

Tom Sawyer The young protagonist of the novel. Living with his aunt St. Petersburg, Missouri, Tom has a penchant for adventure and â€Å"showing off. † Constantly getting into mischief, he plays hooky from school and would rather go swimming than tend to his Sunday school lessons. Blessed with an active imagination, Tom dreams to be a noble robber such as Robin Hood or a pirate. Hungry for attention, Tom is obsessed with appearing noble and obtaining the envy of his peers. However, Tom is extremely clever and possesses an incredible insight on human nature. Throughout the novel, Tom must learn to listen to his conscience and become accountable for his actions. Huckleberry Finn The town’s social pariah. Son of an abusive and drunkard father who left town, Huck has failed to have been raised with any parental guidance or authority figures. Because he can smoke a pipe and never has to attend church or school, he is the envy of every schoolboy and the nightmare of every mother in town. Huck and Tom often have adventures and both believe in various superstitions. Although disregarded by the â€Å"sociables,† Huck possesses a kind spirit and consideration for others. Aunt Polly Tom’s somewhat elderly aunt and guardian. Religious, simple-mannered, and kind-hearted, Aunt Polly is respected among the citizens of St. Petersburg. Responsible for Tom’s discipline and upbringing, Aunt Polly is constantly torn between expressing her exasperation and showing her lover for Tom. Every time he causes trouble, another hair on her head turns gray; she often wishes Tom would behave properly like his brother, Sid. Sid Sawyer Tom’s younger half-brother. Always trying to tattle on Tom, Sid keeps a close on eye his brother’s wrongdoings. A goody-two-shoes, he is a punctual and studious pupil. Mary Tom’s older cousin who resides with Aunt Polly. Mary is depicted as a sweet and good-hearted young lady who sees the good qualities in Tom’s character. Religious and pious, Mary was an exceptional student  ¬ the opposite of Tom. Becky Thatcher The daughter of Judge Thatcher. Becky is Tom’s age and has recently moved into town. Prim and proper, Becky is the opposite of Tom: she has never been in trouble and is used to obeying her mother’s words. With blonde hair and dressy frocks, she quickly wins Tom’s affection and attention. Injun Joe The antagonist of the novel. Guilty of several murders, Injun Joe possess a violent temperament is set on seeking revenge on those who have treated him harshly in the past. He attempts to frame Muff Potter for one of his own crimes and is pursued by the village authorities. Muff Potter The town drunk who is framed for the murder of Dr. Robinson. Although his kind nature and drunken state make him harmless, Potter is persecuted by the entire town that believes that he is a murderer. Mr. Jones/Old Welshman The old Welshman who lives with his two strong sons in the vicinity of Widow Douglas’s house. With Huck’s help, the Welshman is able to come to the widow’s aide. Widow Douglas A rich, upper-class widow. With a kind spirit and a devotion to the Christian faith, the widow Douglas is known for her open hospitality and good nature. She also appears as a major character in Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Dr. Robinson The young doctor, guilty of grave robbing, whose murder instigates the chaotic happenings in St. Petersburg. Joe Harper Tom’s bosom friend. One of Tom’s â€Å"gang† of pirates, Joe accompanies Tom on some of his adventures. Mrs. Harper Joe’s mother Amy Lawrence Tom Sawyer’s former girlfriend, whom he occasionally flirts with and was previously â€Å"engaged† to. Minor Characters: Judge Thatcher Becky’s father. A proud and well-respected man of justice, whose family has recently moved into town. Mrs. Thatcher Becky’s mother, wife of the Judge. Alfred Temple A well-dressed boy whom Tom thinks is snobby. Alfred also vies for Becky Thatcher’s attention. Mr. Dobbins The schoolmaster. Hated by all the children, Mr. Dobbins is depicted as a stern and pathetic man who uses lashings as a method of discipline. Mr. Walter The Sunday School Superintendent who issues Bibles to the top students. Mr. Sprague The long-winded minister. Ben Rogers A young boy who is Tom’s friend. Setting The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is set in the town of St. Petersburg, Missouri, some time around the middle of the nineteenth century Biography of the Author Born on November 30, 1835, in Florida, Missouri, Samuel L. Clemens wrote under the pen name Mark Twain and went on to pen several novels, including two major classics of American literature, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. He was also a riverboat pilot, journalist, lecturer, entrepreneur and inventor. Twain died in Redding, Connecticut on April 21, 1910, having survived his children Langdon, Susan and Jean as well as his wife, Olivia. In his lifetime, he became a distinguished member of the literati, and was honored by Yale, the University of Missouri, and Oxford with literary degrees. Conflict Man vs. man – Tom and Huck perceive their biggest struggle to be between themselves and Injun Joe, whose gold they want and whom they believe is out to kill them. Conflict also exists between Tom and his imaginative world and the expectations and rules of adult society. Moral of the Story Moral and Social Maturity When the novel opens, Tom is engaged in and often the organizer of childhood pranks and make-believe games. As the novel progresses, these initially consequence-free childish games take on more and more gravity. Tom leads himself, Joe Harper, Huck, and, in the cave, Becky Thatcher into increasingly dangerous situations. He also finds himself in tight spots in which he must put his concern for others above his concern for himself, such as when he takes Becky’s punishment and when he testifies at Injun Joe’s trial. As Tom begins to take initiative to help others instead of himself, he shows his increasing maturity, competence, and moral integrity. Tom’s adventures to Jackson’s Island and McDougal’s Cave take him away from society. These symbolic removals help to prepare him to return to the village with a new, more adult outlook on his relationship to the community. Though early on Tom looks up to Huck as much older and wiser, by the end of the novel, Tom’s maturity has surpassed Huck’s. Tom’s personal growth is evident in his insistence, in the face of Huck’s desire to flee all social constraints, that Huck stay with the Widow Douglas and become civilized. Point of View Third Person (Omniscient) – the narrator does not participate in the action of the story as one of the characters, but lets us know exactly how the characters feel. As a narrator, Twain cannot only see what his characters are seeing and thinking, but he is able to channel their personalities.

Is Coffee Drinking a Social Problem? Essay

Social issues are matters that cannot be controlled by individuals and is most often created by the social environment that the individual is socializing in. Social issues are discussions that have a direct effect on the everyday life of society and are usually politically related. Some examples of social issues are poverty, violence, justice, and violation of human rights, equality and crime. A social issue usually involves discussions of conflicting viewpoints that create tension between the disagreeing parties. With this said, one may ask, â€Å"How then, is it possible for coffee drinking to be called a social problem? † Coffee drinking is a socially accepted norm that dates back to the 16th century when the first coffee house was established in Persia where it gained a reputation as a social gathering place. By 1652, the coffeehouses were places where the British would go to conduct business or read the daily paper. Eventually is provided a refuge for coffee patrons to discuss politics and ideas. Pretty much the same purpose coffee drinking serves society today. 1950’s America established coffee drinking and houses as places of intellectual gathering. In modern America, coffee drinking has provided a social alternative for the youth that are not allowed entry into bars due to age restrictions. It gives them the taste of being in a bar like atmosphere but without the dangers that those alcoholic bars usually present to under age drinkers. Coffee drinking is now considered a sophisticated social act with places like Starbucks creating sophisticated coffee drinks and atmospheres for the drinkers to talk about. There is no merit to the idea that coffee drinking poses a social problem. Coffee drinking is not a social problem but a social enhancement or solution in most instances. It is also a healthy alternative for most people who are withdrawing from real social problems like substance or alcohol abuse. It is an alternative lifestyle for those who dislike the disco and bar scene as well. Work Cited: Social Benefits of Coffee. Coffee and People. 2003-2004 Retrieved February 23, 2007 from http://www. ringsurf. com/info/Food/Coffee/Benefits_of_Coffee/Social/.

Personal Response, explanatory and critical reactions on the book by Essay

Personal Response, explanatory and critical reactions on the book by Sebastien Japrisot 'A Very Long Engagement' - Essay Example Throughout Mathilde’s search, the reader is provided with reminders about the theme of enduring love. A Very Long Engagement starts with a chapter entitled â€Å"Saturday evening.† In this chapter, the readers are introduced to the setting, which is a French trench during World War I. The author is introduced to five men that have committed self mutilation in order to be sent home, but these men have been convicted of this as a crime. Four of the five men admit what they have done, but Eskimo insists that his injury was accidental. Each of the men’s personalities and backgrounds are provided in order to present the reader with the necessary character information. The reader is also introduced to Mathilde, the finacee of the most youthful of the men, Manech. The reader is presented to her with the sense that she will become a very important character in the book; in fact, her relationship is where the title of the book derives. The next chapter in the book entitled â€Å"Bingo Crepuscule Analysis† moves the story forward about two and a half years. The focus of the story shifts to Mathilde. Manech is now dead and Mathilde is still trying to learn about what really happened to him prior to his passing. She therefore travels to a veteran’s hospital in order to find a man who had spoken to Manech the day before he died. Mathilde’s search introduces one of the prominent themes of the novel; that of enduring love and hope. This man is Daniel Esperanza, who is dying. He informs Mathilde that Manech did not perish in combat as the death announcement had stated. What in fact did happen was that Manech planned to have his hand intentionally shot because he was so depressed by the war, and this did occur. He was then convicted of self-mutilation and sentenced to death along with the other men. These men, though, were not shot by the firing squad; instead, the men they fought with were told to th row them over the top of

Biology Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biology Questions - Essay Example Prokaryotic initially prior infusion with the other forms was able to support itself via utilizing free O2 in processing both its energy and food. This is via diminutive heterotrophs mitochondria via respiration and ensuring that they produced useful food and energy liable for their sustainability. Primarily, the Eukaryote Evolution bears two pathways, which encompass Endosymbiosis and Membrane infolding (Virtual Fossil Museum). Researchers have accepted and utilized Endosymbiosis in expounding the evolution of Eukaryote contrary to the latter pathway. Membrane infolding process contends that unit’s’ membrane engulfed the invading prokaryote where instead of digesting the cell wall it remained intact and formed an extra membrane surrounding protomitochondria and protochloroplast (Virtual Fossil Museum). Hence, the external membrane developed Eukaryote characteristics where its continued evolution yielded to endomembrane system (The virtual Fossil Museum). Conversely, En dosymbiosis claims that two entities that are diverse structurally fused due to their entirety dependence (symbiosis). The theory contends that eukaryote mitochondrion emanated from autotrophic organism engulfed by a large heterotrophic entity (Virtual Fossil Museum). Prokaryote was unable to utilize O2 to support its metabolisms process losting its outer cell wall, though, it developed an extra flexible membrane. This yielded to more infolding forming the nucleus and diverse numerous internal organelles as indicated in Fig.1. Alternatively, Eukaryote engulfed alphaproteobacteria (autotroph) without digesting it, which utilized O2 in synthesizing energy via photosynthesis (Fig. 2). This established symbiosis relationship existing amid the Eukaryote and the autotroph in the cell (The virtual Fossil Museum). Eukaryote’s responsibilities entail protection and nutrients provisions while the endosymbiont prokaryote energy via respiration (Virtual Fossil Museum). Symbiosis normally entails diverse entities that usually exist in the same environment and co-exist via mutual dependence, for instance, Eukaryote and prokaryote. This is via each entity having a distinct role, which the other cannot undertake on its own, but it is essential for own continued existence. Figure 1: Endosymbiosis Theory Retrieved from http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Evolution/Endosymbiosis.htm Figure 2: Endosymbiosis Theory. Retrieved from http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Evolution/Endosymbiosis.htm Qn. #2 Zonation entails how diverse ecosystems normally distribute themselves owing to their capability to withstand certain climatic aspects and can adequately thrive in their midst. Primarily, it depends on altitude, latitude or other factors that prompts diverse ecosystems and tend to inhabit certain geographical positions than others. Since, they do possess the necessary adaptation characteristics; these will enable their sustainability contrary to others, which could become extinct if exposed to the region (Keddy 101). Local zonation refers to small fragments having distinct characteristics and ecosystems that normally inhabit certain region, for illustration, intertidal zonation. This lies amid the high and low tidal lines, mainly on the shoreline (Keddy 269). Animals or plants meant to dwell in this region entail that they do bear diverse

Facebook is a Useful Website for the People Essay

Facebook is a Useful Website for the People - Essay Example The influence of Facebook can be evaluated as beyond a website, but as an innovative tool to measure one’s social acceptability and the ability to mingle with the masses without any inhibition or inferiority complex. Also, the usefulness of Facebook extends to other spheres like international brotherhood, an innovative platform to communicate with one’s friends and meet new people, exchange valuable information, spend one’s leisure time in a more useful way, new experiences, view videos and games, and regular updating of one’s relationships. Lino states, â€Å"Facebook is a mirror of real life and if it is used too much becomes a sort of second life for some people†. Facebook is an innovative online medium with a lot of opportunities and advantages in different areas of human life, which separates it from the other social networking websites. As pointed out, Facebook is basically a website on the internet which provides social networking service to the users. About its usefulness in businesses, Raj states, â€Å"It helps in business promotion through Ads and Fans page†. Companies use facebook groups for promotion of their business. Cavallari states, â€Å"Facebook groups have become a marketing tool on the most successful social networking site in existence†. The social networking service helps people to connect with friends, relatives, well-wishers, and the international community of internet users. Mark Zuckerberg and his friends (Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes) are the founders of Facebook. Mark Zuckerberg was a student at Harvard and the membership was limited to his private and public circles. Later, this website became more and more acceptable and popular among the student community at Stanford University and its surrounding areas like Ivy League university. We can say that the acceptance and popularity acquired by this website among the student community attracted high school students and later the international community of internet users. Facebook was launched in February 2004, and the ownership is fully vested in Facebook, Inc., a private company. The present popularity of Facebook includes more than 600 million active users. Janell L. Carroll states that â€Å"On college campuses, Facebook is the most popular networking site, and the majority of students check their Facebook accounts daily or several times a day† ( 71). We can say that Faceb ook is becoming more popular among the student community. In addition, Facebook is becoming popular because of the unique social networking services provided by the owners. The name ‘Facebook’ is indebted to the university administrators in the USA, who used to provide books to their students to know each other in a better way. To be specific, Facebook’s aim is to help the users connect with each other and to share valuable information for productive purposes. The common thoughts about Facebook include its usefulness as a social networking website and its disadvantage as spending much time on the internet. Most of the users of Facebook make use of the same innovative tool to create a virtual presence and to share their thoughts and connect with their friends. However, D. E. Wittkower points out that â€Å"If Facebook promotes friendship and if friendship is a good thing, why do we so often feel as if we’ve been wasting time when we are facebooking?â€℠¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (120). However, most of the Facebook users may reject this opinion because they consider Facebook as an innovative tool or online medium to create

Corporate governance, reporting and regulation Essay

Corporate governance, reporting and regulation - Essay Example independent directors are also appointed in order to have some added benefits in terms of additional knowledge and experience which would be useful for achieving better results by the company. There has always been a debate about the relevance of the independent directors in improving the performance of the company. This project is an attempt to identify and analyse the relevance of the independent directors in improving the organisational performance. The paper discusses the extent to which the appointment of independent director can influence the performance of the company and whether the independent director can improve the performance of the company or not. The meaning and the reasons behind the appointment of the independent directors have been studied and discussed in order to have an idea about the independent directors moreover the role and responsibilities of the independent directors have also been analysed to assess the independent director’s scope in improving the organisational performance. The executive directors are employed by the company therefore the company has a control over them. The concept of the independent director came from the thought of having someone in the board who would think only for the betterment of the company without being influenced by someone. Thus the decisions taken by such person would be unbiased and free of any personal interest. Hence the independent director would be someone who cannot be controlled by the company or its management and could not interfere in the work of the independent director. Hence an independent is a director who was not an employee of the company or any of the related party of the company in the last five years. The independent director should not be the company’s advisor or should not have any contract of personal service where the company or any of its related members is a party to such contract. The independent director should not be related to any non-profit organisation to which the

Distributed Database Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Distributed Database Management Systems - Essay Example In this case, users work with a subset of data that is on their workstation. Further, there is improved data processing due to multiple processes running at different sites. It also supports the addition of new sites while standard routines run on the other sites. Eventually, the cost of operation is significantly reduced since it is more costly to have a new mainframe system than just adding a user terminal (Baldoni, 2006). It has significantly cut down on cases of failures at individual points since the same work is available in other centers. The decentralized database is vital with hardware getting cheaper; As a result, these systems are more efficient and faster. The many processes in the institutions will handle their individual volumes of data which are very huge (Yu & Jajodia, 2007). If such data is by one central database, chances of failure are very high. Thus, the decentralized database will address the issue of database failure and bringing the activities to a halt. It further ensures the integrity of data is in place with each unit responsible for its data. Further, their overall functionality and speed of processing could be significantly

DNS servers Essay Example for Free

DNS servers Essay Name resolution requests, such as navigating in studentserver. college. edu, can be initiated by both DNS clients and DNS servers. There are two ways to resolve queries in the FQDN: recursive (where the DNS client requires the DNS server to respond with the IP address of the request or an error message that the requested name does not exist) and iterative (which uses zone information and its cache to return the best possible answer to the client and can be referred to another DNS server). The process of resolving DNS to resolve the FQDN involves: 1. sending a recursive query to the local DNS server; 2. checking its local cache to determine whether the name has recently been resolved. If there is an entry in the local cache, the IP address is returned to the client before forwarding the request to a root server; 3. sending an iterative query to a root name server if no entry exists in the cache for a hostname; 4. the root name server referring the DNS server to a name server responsible for the first-level domain within the hostname; 5. referring the original DNS server to second-level DNS servers, and then third-level DNS servers, until one of them can resolve the hostname to an IP address and return the results back to the client. For DNS forwarders, the following process is followed: 1. The DNS server attempts to resolve the request using its local cache and zone information 2. If it can’t be resolved locally, the DNS server sends a recursive query to the forwarding DNS server 3. If the forwarder does not respond in its attempt to resolve the query, the DNS server attempts to resolve the request by contacting the appropriate DNS server, as specified in the root hints.

Domestic Violence A Recurring Problem In Modern Society Criminology Essay

Domestic Violence A Recurring Problem In Modern Society Criminology Essay Discuss its causes, effects and the legal and other remedies available to deal with the problem. Analyse whether these remedies are sufficient or not and set out how you feel the issue is best dealt with. Domestic violence is undoubtedly a serious problem in modern society. Crime statistics in Ireland indicate that the Gardai record an average of twenty three incidents of domestic violence every day (Watson and Parsons 2005). However, domestic violence is certainly not a modern phenomenon. It has existed throughout the centuries but remained largely hidden and unrecorded. Traditionally, domestic violence has been considered a private matter rather than a criminal offence. Until the 19th century it was legal and socially acceptable for men to beat their wives (Dobash and Dobash 1979). Domestic violence is often associated with physical abuse only. However, research indicates that it can take different forms: physical, sexual and psychological/emotional. In the course of this essay the causes and effects of domestic violence will be explored, drawing on research carried out in Ireland and internationally. The legal and other remedies will also be outlined and evaluated. 2. Many theories have been put forward as to the causes of domestic violence. One theory is idea of circular causality (Pressman 1989). This view implies that a woman is as responsible for her own victimization as the man who assaults her. The violence is seen as something they have both created and are both responsible for modifying. Another view explains violence by reference to the mans personal history. Research shows that men who witness their parents domestic violence are three times more likely to become wife beaters and women who witness violence as children seek out abusive men because they saw their mothers being abused (Pressman 1989). Pressman (1989) suggests witnessing violence against a Mother may make sons more prone to violence themselves as adults, they may be quick to perceive conflict and slow to see non-violent alternatives for dealing with it. However, there are no firm conclusions about childhood experiences of domestic or other abuse as a cause of adult abuse or v ictimization. Pressman (1989) points out that it is not simply a matter of modelling whereby a child witnesses a set of behaviours and proceeds to replicate them: there are powerful mediating factors that can shape a variety of outcomes. She concludes that not all violent families and not all children are the same and the replication of violence from generation to generation is not inevitable (Pressman 1989). Domestic violence is often associated with alcohol consumption, but it is unclear as to whether alcohol is the root cause of this problem. Reporting 3. on a study of married couples, Leonard finds support for a causal relationship between a husbands drinking and physical abuse of wives. However, he cautions that: †¦despite the support that the current research program has provided for a causal role of alcohol on marital aggression, it would be a mistake to overstate this role. Alcohol is neither a necessary nor a sufficient cause of marital aggression. The majority of aggressive episodes occur without alcohol, and men who have behaved aggressively with alcohol have often behaved aggressively without alcohol as well. The role of alcohol†¦appears to be one of a facilitative nature, a contributing cause. (Leonard cited in Watson and Parsons 2005 p.67). In their study of domestic violence in Ireland, Watson and Parsons identify a number of triggers of abusive behaviour. A trigger is an immediate precursor to the behaviour and not necessary the ultimate cause of violence (p. 174). They found that in about two out of five cases the abusive behaviour had no specific trigger or was triggered by minor incidents. In about one third of cases abuse was associated with the consumption of alcohol. The authors conclude that the results are not strongly suggestive of a primary causal link between consumption of alcohol and incidents of domestic violence. In only one quarter of cases was alcohol consumption always involved. Similarly, Margaret Martin, director of Womens Aid, points out that while there is a strong link between alcohol abuse and domestic violence, treating or dealing with the alcoholism does not necessarily stop the violence (Martin 2009). 4. However, she does acknowledge that alcohol greatly increases the risk to a woman and has clear links to increased severity in relation to physical and sexual abuse. Other contributing factors to domestic violence include social exclusion, gender inequality, poverty and having a criminal background. A number of theorists work from the understanding that domestic abuse is caused by social structures, cultural norms and other factors that endorse or do not challenge the use of control and abuse by men against their female partners (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Pressman (1989) suggests that violence against women has persisted in our society precisely because it does not contradict cultural norms in any fundamental way. She suggests that to some degree we have all been acculturated to perceive violence as an acceptable means of exercising control. Wife abuse also reflects power differentials in our society, played out in the family. Pressman (1989) points out that the groups against whom violence is accepted are groups that are socially and economically disadvantaged including women, children, racial minorities, the poor, the mentally ill. In particular she looks at the economic inequalities that affect women and their continuing exclusion from positions of power in very many sectors o f society. According to Pressman (1989) there is an obvious link between this systematic disempowering of women and their continued victimization. Domestic violence simultaneously expresses and reinforces their 5. disempowered state. The basic problem as she sees it, is not just to end violence as a behaviour (although it is obviously important) but more importantly to alter the social arrangements that violence expresses and reinforces. Women cannot be safe when at the same time they are defined as inferior and subordinate to men. The impact of domestic violence is far reaching and complex. Domestic violence is a major cause of injury, disability and death for women worldwide. Between January 1996 and June 2005, one hundred and nine women were murdered in Ireland, seventy two of these in their own homes. In those cases which have been resolved, all were perpetrated by a man and almost half were perpetrated by the womans partner or ex-partner (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Ireland is not alone, domestic violence is one of the greatest causes of death and injury amongst women worldwide (Amnesty International, 2004). The World Health Organisation has estimated that 70 per cent of female murder victims are killed by their male partners. Their recently released World Report on Violence and Health notes that whereas men are much more likely to be attacked by a stranger or an acquaintance than by someone within their close circle of relationships†¦.one of the most common forms of violence against women is that perfor med by a husband or male partner (World Health Organisation 2001). The Council of Europe has stated that violence in the family is the major cause of death and disability for women between the 6. ages of 16 and 44 years. Domestic violence results in more death and ill- health in women than cancer or road traffic accidents (Kerr 2004). Similarly child homicide is often linked to domestic violence, where the male abuser is abusing the women and the child(ren). Children who are not being abused may be physically harmed when they try to protect parents or are caught in the crossfire (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Apart from physical injury, domestic violence is also linked to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems. Both women and men who have been abused report negative emotional consequences (Watson and Parsons 2005). However, women are more likely than men to have been very frightened or distressed by this abuse and to report that the experience had a major impact on their lives (ibid. p25). Watson and Parsons also found that more women than men reported a loss of confidence. In some instances emotional abuse was found to be even more traumatic than physical attacks. Almost half of the severely abused respondents including those who had suffered severe physical or sexual abuse listed an emotional incident as being the worst thing that had happened to them (ibid. p.25). The research also found a clear link between abuse and marital breakdown. Domestic abuse can have an impact on other aspects of the victims life, including work and accommodation. Watson and Parsons found that two 7. in five of those severely abused had to take time off work, while nearly one in eight had to leave a job. In some cases it can lead to homelessness (OHalloran 2009). It is also a major cost to the exchequer in health care for the victims (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Ireland now has a network of womens support services and mens programmes, a civil and criminal justice framework, a specialist policy for the police and other elements of domestic abuse intervention. There has been public debate about effective ways of responding to and preventing domestic abuse (Task Force Report, 1997). The Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform of the government of Ireland coordinates a Steering Committee on Violence against Women. Various sub-committees of the steering committee include one focused on work with perpetrators (Debonnaire 2004).. Traditionally attempts to intervene in domestic violence focused on abused women and their children. In recent years, however, there has been a shift to include a focus on the man who has perpetrated the abuse. on the perpetrator of the abuse. New policies have been adopted which focus on pro-active forms of intervention and prosecution. As part of these interventions treatment programmes for men have been introduced. The Dulaith Abuse Intervention Project (Dulaith DAIP) was the worlds first project to place intervention programmes as part of a co-ordinated 8. community response that aimed to hold men to account for their behaviour, enhance womens safety, sanction abusers appropriately and teach men not to abuse (Debonnaire 2004). There are currently fifteen intervention programmes working with domestic abusers in Ireland. Through working with perpetrators, these organisations are trying to increase the safety, and reduce the risks to their partners and children (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Numerous evaluations of intervention programmes have been carried out. Some results appear to show that programmes had limited or no effect on mens behaviour or womens safety. Others show that some programmes can have a positive effect on womens safety and on reducing mens abuse, particularly as part of a co-ordinated community response involving the criminal justice system and womens support services (Dobash et al, 2002; OConnor, 1998 cited in Debonnaire 2004). The legal protection for victims of domestic violence in Ireland includes elements from both the criminal and civil systems. The Domestic Violence Act 1996 enables spouses, cohabitees and parents to apply for orders, with certain property and residency restrictions. It enacted provisions of the Family Law Act 1981, making breach of domestic violence order an arrestable offence and allowing Gardai to arrest an offender for suspected actual bodily harm or grievous bodily 9. harm without witnessing the violence. The Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Act, 1997 addresses criminal aspects of domestic violence, making most forms of physical violence used by domestic abusers a crime. Victims of domestic violence can apply for three type of civil orders: protection orders (an interim order, which the court can make while a full hearing is pending for one of the other orders), safety orders (which prohibits violence or threats of violence, molesting or watching the place where the applicant or dependant person resides) and barring orders which prohibits the person from entering the place where the applicant resides also prohibits violence, threats of violence, molesting or watching the place where the applicant or dependant person resides). According to Nester (2007) it is clear from a High Court decision in the case of McA -v- McA (1981) that it is not necessary to prove actual or threatened violence in order to avail of a barring order. The wife in the above mentioned case claimed that her health had been adversely effected by her husbands continued lack of communication. Judge Costello granted a barring order on the grounds that the husbands conduct had seri ously affected the welfare of the wife. In cases where the Court believes there is an immediate risk of significant harm to the applicant or dependant child, or that a protection order may not be sufficient to protect the applicant, an interim barring order may be granted. This order has the same effect as a 10. barring order, and lasts until the Court determines the application for the barring order. Safety orders can last up to five years and barring orders for up to three years and can be renewed after that (Nester 2007). According to Margaret Martin (2006) Director of Womens Aid, the 1996 Domestic Violence Act falls short in a number of significant areas, leaving many victims of domestic violence unable to access protection in the civil courts. She states the Act specifies where a cohabitee wishes to apply for a barring order, two key conditions must be satisfied: the applicant must have lived with the respondent for six of the previous nine months in aggregate. They must be able to prove an equal or greater interest in the property. To apply for a safety order, the applicant must have lived with the respondent for six of the previous 12 months in aggregate. Ms Martin (2009) argues that these restrictions have prevented many women from accessing protection. Some may have been living with their partners for too short a period or many may be separated from him too long. Others may not have lived with their abuser at all. Separation she says is often the most dangerous time for a woman with the abuse becoming more frequent, severe and dangerous. Ten per cent of callers to the Womens Aid helpline in 2008 were being abused by former partners who were not married. Ms Martin (2009) also points out that there are no legal provisions for women in dating relationships. She states that the law is powerless to protect women who were never married or have never 11. lived with the abuser. This also applies to women who have children but do not live with the father of the child, they cannot apply for domestic violence orders because they do not fit the cohabitation requirements. This falls short of UN guidelines for domestic violence legislation, which state that legislation should apply at a minimum to individuals who are or who have been in an intimate relationship, including marital, non-marital, same-sex and non-cohabiting relationships (Martin 2009). A number of groups including Womens Aid, the Law Society, the Law Reform Commission, the Government Task Force on Violence against Women and Amnesty Ireland, have called for the 1996 Domestic Violence Act to be amended in order to address these issues. Holland (2009) states that unacceptable delays in the family courts are causing women, intimidated by violent spouses and partners, to drop applications for barring orders. She points out that the first port of call for a woman seeking a barring or protection order against a violent or abusive man is the District Court. Currently women face an eleven week wait between applying for an order and a court hearing. Within that period she says many women come under enormous pressure to withdraw their applications. She argues that the abuser has a lot of time to work on the victim. She said once an application is withdrawn it is unlikely the woman, who would be further demoralised, would re-enter it. A report published by Amnesty Internationa l points out that of 8,452 incidents of 12. domestic violence reported to the Garda in 2003, less than half resulted in barring orders from the courts. It looked at convictions of perpetrators in the courts, figures indicate that successful prosecutions occurred in only 7.7 per cent of these cases. The report also states that there has not been a single conviction for marital rape in this country, despite specific legislation making it a crime since 1990 and its frequent occurrence as reported by victims to organisations such as Womens Aid (Raferty 2005). Womens refuges prov